Andover Controls Infinity Smoke Control Guide

Controlling Tomorrow World Smoke Control Guide Version Controls Corporation Manuals Online B or distribution forbidden cid 211 1995 1996 Andover Controls to change without notice No 30 3001 446 1995 1996 cid 211 Controls Corporation Brickstone Square Massachusetts 01810 Rights Reserved NOTICE by the Engineering Department at Andover Controls Corporation in this book are for illustrative purposes only and have never been tested in an building product is subject to change without notice This document does not constitute any express or implied Andover Controls Corporation reserves the right to alter ca performance and presentation of this product at any time following trademarks are used in this manual is a registered trademark of Digital Communications Associates Inc is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Inc is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation Smoke Control Guide Manuals Online 1 Fundamentals of Smoke of the most hazardous situations that you can face in a building is While fires themselves are often damaging it is smoke that can the most injuries For example at the World Trade Towers in 1993 over 1,000 were injured by the smoke that resulted from fire protect your building occupants as well as furnishings and that may be damaged by smoke you need a smoke control A smoke control system as its name implies controls the flow smoke in your building in the event of fire It keeps smoke from throughout the building giving the building occupants a evacuation route as well as preventing further damage to the interior chapter gives you an overview of smoke control theory Manuals Online Fundementals of Smoke Control Types of Smoke Systems types of smoke control systems exist and The dedicated smoke control system is installed in a for the sole purpose of controlling smoke A nondedicated control system uses parts of the building HVAC system to smoke most instances a building has both nondedicated and dedicated Nondedicated systems are used throughout the building for areas offices manufacturing Dedicated systems are used for areas such as elevator shafts stairtowers and other areas that special smoke control techniques operation of the nondedicated smoke control equipment is verified the level in the areas that are served by the equipment In words if the HVAC equipment is not functioning properly the occupants will be aware of this and the problem will get operation of the dedicated smoke control equipment is verified by automatic self test that is performed on a weekly basis Manuals Online Smoke Control Guide Fundementals of Smoke Control Pressure to Control Smoke basic concept behind controlling smoke regardless of whether it is a dedicated or nondedicated system is to use air pressure to confine if possible vent smoke from the building cannot confine smoke by simply closing all access ways such as and vents to the room that has the fire in it Even with these closed off smoke can disperse throughout a building via holes made for pipes and electrical wires and spaces around and windows Smoke is driven through these small openings by expanding gases from the fire Smoke can also be driven onto other by the stack effect which causes air to rise in buildings The stack is caused by the difference in the interior and exterior temperature the building The following diagram shows how smoke can disperse a building 1 1 Smoke Infiltrating Areas Adjacent to the Fire Area on Fire Area smoke is carried by the movement of air you can stop the spread smoke throughout the building by lowering the air pressure in the area the fire and by raising the air pressure in the surrounding and floors The difference in pressure also called the pressure between the smoke filled area and the surrounding areas as a barrier to the smoke pushing it back into the smoke filled area next illustration shows how this works Controls Corporation Manuals Online Fundementals of Smoke Control 1 2 Air Pressure Containing Smoke Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure Pressure lower the air pressure in the smoke filled area by shutting off all air into it and turning on the exhaust fans from the area to full capacity technique pulls the smoke out of the area and vents it outside of the pressurize the areas and floors surrounding the fire by turning off exhaust systems including closing any exhaust dampers and forcing air to those areas at full capacity The air in the pressurized areas to leak into the smoke zone using the same cracks and holes that smoke would use to get out This airflow into the burning room the smoke from spreading that are neither being pressurized nor depressurized i e areas far from the fire have both their air inlets and air return systems off Turning off the air return prevents the smoke that is being into the return air system from coming into the area cases where there are large openings such as an open doorway the area on fire and an adjacent area smoke can be confined by large volume of air Pumping large amounts of air through the adjacent creates a constant draft through the opening into the smoke zone shown in the next illustration The draft through the open space back the smoke confining it to the smoke zone The amount of air to keep the smoke from penetrating the open space is quite so you should avoid this sort of situation when possible Manuals Online Smoke Control Guide Fundementals of Smoke Control 1 3 Keeping Smoke Away from a Large Opening Controls Corporation Manuals Online Fundementals of Smoke Control Smoke Zones order to contain the smoke by using pressure you must divide the into smoke control zones A floor or several floors of the can be a single zone or one floor can be broken into a number zones A zone must be separated from other zones by smoke dampers doors and smoke proof barriers a fire breaks out the smoke control system can then pressurize all the zones around the one where the fire broke out called the fire isolating the smoke to that single zone the smoke control system is nondedicated the layout of the smoke zones should take into consideration the layout of the HVAC You should place multiple areas served by the same VAV boxes the same smoke control zone Also the smoke control zones must to any fire control zones that have been established because smoke detectors are tied into the fire detection system Also keeping smoke control zones and the fire control zones the same makes the two systems simpler Control vs Fire Control Systems smoke control system is usually separate from the fire control since they have different goals The fire control system goal is contain and extinguish the fire as fast as possible These systems halt the fire but not the smoke are often triggered automatically on the heat of the fire to activate the system Although smoke systems are also automatic you must have manual overrides for automatic controls Another difference between smoke control and control systems is that where fire control systems such as often rely on only a water supply smoke control systems rely on electricity to run fans and dampers So some smoke systems have a standby power supply Standby power provides smoke control system with electricity in case the main power fails smoke control system should be designed to work with the fire system and not interfere with its operation For instance if the has a sprinkler system then the smoke control system does not to control a large quantity of smoke since the size of any fire be smaller Manuals Online Smoke Control Guide Fundementals of Smoke Control smoke control system may also have to be designed to work with fire extinguishers such as t