ELECTRICAL SCIENCE VOLUME 1

1992 FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK SCIENCE 1 of 4 Department of Energy D C 20585 Statement A Approved for public release distribution is unlimited document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information O Box 62 Oak Ridge TN 37831 615 576 8401 to the public from the National Technical Information Service U S Department of 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield VA 22161 No DE92019785 SCIENCE Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility contractors provide operators maintenance personnel and the technical staff with necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory and application The handbook includes information on alternating current AC direct current DC theory circuits motors and generators AC power and reactive batteries AC and DC voltage regulators transformers and electrical test and measuring devices This information will provide personnel with a foundation understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical Words Training Material Magnetism DC Theory DC Circuits Batteries DC DC Motors AC Theory AC Power AC Generators Voltage Regulators AC Transformers Test Instruments Electrical Distribution 0 SCIENCE Department of Energy DOE Fundamentals Handbooks consist of ten academic which include Mathematics Classical Physics Thermodynamics Heat Transfer and Flow Instrumentation and Control Electrical Science Material Science Mechanical Chemistry Engineering Symbology Prints and Drawings and Nuclear Physics and Theory The handbooks are provided as an aid to DOE nuclear facility contractors handbooks were first published as Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manuals in for use by DOE category A reactors The subject areas subject matter content and level detail of the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manuals were determined from several sources Category A reactor training managers determined which materials should be included and as a primary reference in the initial development phase Training guidelines from the nuclear power industry results of job and task analyses and independent input from and operations oriented personnel were all considered and included to some degree developing the text material and learning objectives DOE Fundamentals Handbooks represent the needs of various DOE nuclear fundamental training requirements To increase their applicability to nonreactor nuclear the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manual learning objectives were distributed to the Facility Training Coordination Program Steering Committee for review and comment update their reactor specific content DOE Category A reactor training managers also and commented on the content On the basis of feedback from these sources that applied to two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was The final draft of each of the handbooks was then reviewed by these two groups This has resulted in revised modular handbooks that contain sufficient detail such that each may adjust the content to fit their specific needs handbook contains an abstract a foreword an overview learning objectives and material and is divided into modules so that content and order may be modified by DOE contractors to suit their specific training needs Each subject area is supported a separate examination bank with an answer key DOE Fundamentals Handbooks have been prepared for the Assistant Secretary for Energy Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Standards by the DOE Training Program This program is managed by EG G Idaho Inc 0 SCIENCE Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook entitled Electrical Science was as an information resource for personnel who are responsible for the operation of the nuclear facilities A basic understanding of electricity and electrical systems is for DOE nuclear facility operators maintenance personnel and the technical staff to operate and maintain the facility and facility support systems The information in the is presented to provide a foundation for applying engineering concepts to the job knowledge will help personnel more fully understand the impact that their actions may have the safe and reliable operation of facility components and systems Electrical Science handbook consists of fifteen modules that are contained in four The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module of the 1 of 4 1 Basic Electrical Theory module describes basic electrical concepts and introduces electrical 2 Basic DC Theory module describes the basic concepts of direct current DC electrical circuits discusses the associated terminology 2 of 4 3 DC Circuits 4 Batteries module introduces the rules associated with the reactive components of and capacitance and how they affect DC circuits module introduces batteries and describes the types of cells used circuit and associated hazards 0 SCIENCE 5 DC Generators 6 DC Motors module describes the types of DC generators and their application in terms voltage production and load characteristics module describes the types of DC motors and includes discussions of speed applications and load characteristics 3 of 4 7 Basic AC Theory module describes the basic concepts of alternating current AC electrical and discusses the associated terminology 8 AC Reactive Components module describes inductance and capacitance and their effects on AC 9 AC Power 10 AC Generators module presents power calculations for single phase and three phase AC and includes the power triangle concept module describes the operating characteristics of AC generators and terminology methods of voltage production and methods of paralleling generation sources 11 Voltage Regulators 4 of 4 12 AC Motors module describes the basic operation and application of voltage regulators module explains the theory of operation of AC motors and discusses the types of AC motors and their application 0 SCIENCE 13 Transformers module introduces transformer theory and includes the types of voltage current relationships and application 14 Test Instruments and Measuring Devices module describes electrical measuring and test equipment and includes the measured and the principles of operation of common instruments 15 Electrical Distribution Systems module describes basic electrical distribution systems and includes of system design to ensure personnel and equipment safety information contained in this handbook is by no means all encompassing An attempt present the entire subject of electrical science would be impractical However the Electrical handbook does present enough information to provide the reader with a fundamental level sufficient to understand the advanced theoretical concepts presented in other areas and to better understand basic system and equipment operations 0 of Energy Handbook SCIENCE 1 Electrical Theory Electrical Theory OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS OF FIGURES iv OF TABLES vi vii viii AND ITS FORCES 1 Atom 1 Force 2 First Law of Electrostatics