ELECTRICAL SCIENCE VOLUME 3

1992 FUNDAMENTALS HANDBOOK SCIENCE 3 of 4 Department of Energy D C 20585 Statement A Approved for public release distribution is unlimited document has been reproduced directly from the best available copy to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical P O Box 62 Oak Ridge TN 37831 prices available from 615 576 to the public from the National Technical Information Service U S of Commerce 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield VA 22161 No DE92019787 SCIENCE Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility contractors provide operators maintenance personnel and the technical staff with the fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of electrical theory and application The handbook includes information on alternating current AC direct current DC theory circuits motors and generators AC power and reactive batteries AC and DC voltage regulators transformers and electrical test and measuring devices This information will provide personnel with a foundation understanding the basic operation of various types of DOE nuclear facility electrical Words Training Material Magnetism DC Theory DC Circuits Batteries DC DC Motors AC Theory AC Power AC Generators Voltage Regulators AC Transformers Test Instruments Electrical Distribution 0 SCIENCE Department of Energy DOE Fundamentals Handbooks consist of ten academic which include Mathematics Classical Physics Thermodynamics Heat Transfer and Flow Instrumentation and Control Electrical Science Material Science Mechanical Chemistry Engineering Symbology Prints and Drawings and Nuclear Physics and Theory The handbooks are provided as an aid to DOE nuclear facility contractors handbooks were first published as Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manuals in 1985 use by DOE category A reactors The subject areas subject matter content and level of of the Reactor Opera tor Fundamentals Manuals were determined from several sources Category A reactor training managers determined which materials should be included and as a primary reference in the initial development phase Training guidelines from the nuclear power industry results of job and task analyses and independent input from and operations oriented personnel were all considered and included to some degree developing the text material and learning objectives DOE Fundamentals Handbooks represent the needs of various DOE nuclear facilities training requirements To increase their applicability to nonreactor nuclear the Reactor Operator Fundamentals Manual learning objectives were distributed to the Facility Training Coordination Program Steering Committee for review and comment update their reactor specific content DOE Category A reactor training managers also and commented on the content On the basis of feedback from these sources that applied to two or more DOE nuclear facilities was considered generic and was The final draft of each of the handbooks was then reviewed by these two groups approach has resulted in revised modular handbooks that contain sufficient detail such that facility may adjust the content to fit their specific needs handbook contains an abstract a foreword an overview learning objectives and material and is divided into modules so that content and order may be modified by DOE contractors to suit their specific training needs Each subject area is supported a separate examination bank with an answer key DOE Fundamentals Handbooks have been prepared for the Assistant Secretary for Energy Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Standards by the DOE Training Program This program is managed by EG G Idaho Inc 0 SCIENCE Department of Energy Fundamentals Handbook entitled Electrical Science was as an information resource for personnel who are responsible for the operation of the nuclear facilities A basic understanding of electricity and electrical systems is for DOE nuclear facility operators maintenance personnel and the technical staff to operate and maintain the facility and facility support systems The information in the is presented to provide a foundation for applying engineering concepts to the job knowledge will help personnel more fully understand the impact that their actions may on the safe and reliable operation of facility components and systems Electrical Science handbook consists of fifteen modules that are contained in four The following is a brief description of the information presented in each module the handbook 1 of 4 1 Basic Electrical Theory 2 Basic DC Theory module describes basic electrical concepts and introduces electrical terminology module describes the basic concepts of direct current DC electrical circuits and the associated terminology 2 of 4 3 DC Circuits 4 Batteries module introduces the rules associated with the reactive components of and capacitance and how they affect DC circuits module introduces batteries and describes the types of cells used circuit and associated hazards 0 SCIENCE module describes the types of DC generators and their application in terms voltage production and load characteristics module describes the types of DC motors and includes discussions of speed applications and load characteristics 5 DC Generators 6 DC Motors 3 of 4 7 Basic AC Theory module describes the basic concepts of alternating current AC electrical circuits discusses the associated terminology 8 AC Reactive Components module describes inductance and capacitance and their effects on AC 9 AC Power 10 AC Generators module presents power calculations for single phase and three phase AC circuits includes the power triangle concept module describes the operating characteristics of AC generators and includes methods of voltage production and methods of paralleling AC sources 11 Voltage Regulators module describes the basic operation and application of voltage regulators 4 of 4 12 AC Motors module explains the theory of operation of AC motors and discusses the various of AC motors and their application 0 SCIENCE 13 Transformers module introduces transformer theory and includes the types of transformers relationships and application 14 Test Instruments and Measuring Devices module describes electrical measuring and test equipment and includes the measured and the principles of operation of common instruments 15 Electrical Distribution Systems module describes basic electrical distribution systems and includes characteristics system design to ensure personnel and equipment safety information contained in this handbook is by no means all encompassing An to present the entire subject of electrical science would be impractical However the Science handbook does present enough information to provide the reader with a knowledge level sufficient to understand the advanced theoretical concepts presented other subject areas and to better understand basic system and equipment operations 0 of Energy Handbook SCIENCE 7 AC Theory AC Theory OF CONTENTS OF CONTENTS OF FIGURES OF TABLES iii iv v GENERATION 1 of a Sine Wave Output